Introduction

GRALE is set of tools to model gravitational lenses and invert gravitational lens systems based on the observed images.

Publications

The following articles involve the use of GRALE:

  1. Are Models of Strong Gravitational Lensing by Clusters Converging or Diverging?
  2. BUFFALO Wild Wings: A High Precision Free-Form Lens Model of MACSJ0416 with Constraints on Dark Matter from Substructure and Highly Magnified Arcs
  3. Extrapolating the projected potential of gravitational lens models: property-preserving degeneracies
  4. Free-Form and Hybrid Lens Models for SDSS J1004+4112: Substructure and Central Image Time Delay Constraints
  5. An excursion into the core of the cluster lens Abell 1689
  6. Further support for a trio of mass-to-light deviations in Abell 370: free-form Grale lens inversion using BUFFALO strong lensing data
  7. Free-form Grale lens inversion of galaxy clusters with up to 1000 multiple images
  8. Extended lens reconstructions with Grale: exploiting time domain, substructural and weak-lensing information
  9. Free-form Grale reconstruction of Abell 2744: robustness of uncertainties against changes in lensing data
  10. Multiply-imaged time-varying sources behind galaxy clusters - Comparing FRBs to QSOs, SNe, and GRBs
  11. The role of multiple images and model priors in measuring H0 from supernova Refsdal in galaxy cluster MACS J1149.5+2223
  12. Evidence for the line of sight structure in the largest Hubble Frontier Field cluster, MACSJ0717.5+3745
  13. Model-independent and model-based local lensing properties of CL0024+1654 from multiply-imaged galaxies
  14. Dark matter dynamics in Abell 3827: new data consistent with standard Cold Dark Matter
  15. The Frontier Fields Lens Modeling Comparison Project
  16. Lens Models Under the Microscope: Comparison of Hubble Frontier Field Cluster Magnification Maps
  17. Testing light-traces-mass in Hubble Frontier Fields Cluster MACS-J0416.1-2403
  18. Quantifying substructures in Hubble Frontier Field clusters: comparison with Lambda-CDM simulations
  19. The behaviour of dark matter associated with four bright cluster galaxies in the 10 kpc core of Abell 3827
  20. Lensing time delays as a substructure constraint: a case study with the cluster SDSS J1004+4112
  21. Mass-Galaxy offsets in Abell 3827, 2218 and 1689: intrinsic properties or line-of-sight substructures?
  22. Lensing degeneracies and mass substructure
  23. Strong-Lensing Analysis of MS 1358.4+6245: New Multiple Images and Implications for the Well-Resolved z=4.92 Galaxy
  24. Full Lensing Analysis of Abell 1703: Comparison of Independent Lens-Modelling Techniques
  25. Non-parametric strong lens inversion of SDSS J1004+4112
  26. The search for dark matter via strong lens inversions of galaxy clusters using genetic algorithms
  27. Non-parametric strong lens inversion of Cl 0024+1654: illustrating the monopole degeneracy
  28. A generalisation of the mass-sheet degeneracy producing ring-like artefacts in the lens mass distribution
  29. Non-parametric inversion of gravitational lensing systems with few images using a multi-objective genetic algorithm
  30. A genetic algorithm for the non-parametric inversion of strong lensing systems

Software

The new version consists of a set of core libraries in C++, together with Python bindings to make the use more flexible.

  • Installation instructions, examples and docs can be found here.
  • The code for GRALE2/pygrale can be found at GitHub

The original software is of course also still available. The file formats used should be compatible between the versions, which is very useful as not all software (e.g.the Grale editor) has not been ported to the new version yet.